英語閱讀：長期壓力、血糖和胰島素之間的關係
最近因為協助學員準備醫學簡報，讀了一些關於長期壓力、血糖和胰島素之間的關係。我試著用簡單的方式解釋三者之間的關係，順便與各位分享，一起學習。內容分成三個部份：中文解說、英文解說、和 20 個關鍵詞彙。
1. 長期壓力：
當人體長時間處於壓力狀態時，會釋放壓力激素，如皮質醇。這些激素會影響身體的多種功能，包括血糖水平。
1. Long-term Stress: When the body is under stress for prolonged periods, it releases stress hormones, such as cortisol. These hormones affect various bodily functions, including blood sugar levels.
2. 血糖：
血糖，是指血液中的葡萄糖含量。葡萄糖是身體的主要能量來源，對正常的身體功能至關重要。
2. Blood Sugar: Blood sugar refers to the glucose level in the bloodstream. Glucose is the body’s primary source of energy, essential for normal bodily functions.
3. 胰島素：
胰島素，是由胰腺分泌的一種激素，主要功能是幫助身體的細胞吸收血液中的葡萄糖，用於能量或存儲。
3. Insulin: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. Its main function is to help cells absorb glucose from the blood for energy or storage.
當長期處於壓力狀態時，身體會增加血糖水平，以應對這種壓力。皮質醇的提高會造成血糖升高，因為它促使肝臟釋放更多的葡萄糖到血液中。同時，皮質醇還可能干擾胰島素的正常作用，導致胰島素阻抗。胰島素阻抗，表示身體的細胞對胰島素不夠敏感。當細胞對胰島素反應減弱時，血糖就不能有效地被運輸到細胞內，這會導致血糖水平持續偏高。
When under long-term stress, the body increases blood sugar levels to cope with this stress. An increase in cortisol leads to higher blood sugar, as it prompts the liver to release more glucose into the bloodstream. Simultaneously, cortisol can interfere with the normal functioning of insulin, leading to insulin resistance. This means the body’s cells become less sensitive to insulin. When cells respond less to insulin, blood sugar cannot be effectively transported into cells, resulting in persistently high blood sugar levels.
長期的高血糖和胰島素抗阻會對身體造成多種影響。它會增加罹患 2 型糖尿病的風險，並可能對血管、神經和其他身體組織造成損傷。
Long-term high blood sugar and insulin resistance can have multiple effects on the body. It increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar and insulin resistance. Additionally, persistent high blood sugar can also damage blood vessels, nerves, and other body tissues.
因此，長期壓力不僅對心理健康造成影響，也可能會影響血糖和胰島素平衡，對身體健康造成長期的負面影響。這也是為什麼管理壓力、保持健康的生活方式和飲食，對於維持良好的血糖控制和整體健康非常重要。
Therefore, long-term stress not only impacts mental health but can also affect physical health by disrupting the balance of blood sugar and insulin. This underscores why managing stress, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet are crucial for good blood sugar control and overall health.
【關鍵詞彙】
1. Long-term Stress – 長期壓力
2. Blood Sugar – 血糖
3. Insulin – 胰島素
4. Cortisol – 皮質醇
5. Stress hormone – 壓力激素
6. Glucose – 葡萄糖
7. Primary source – 主要來源
8. Energy – 能量
9. Insulin Resistance – 胰島素阻抗
10. Type 2 diabetes – 2型糖尿病
11. Chronic disease – 慢性疾病
12. Characterized by – 以…為特徵
13. Persistent high blood sugar – 持續高血糖
15. Blood vessels – 血管
16. Nerves – 神經
17. Managing stress – 管理壓力
18. Healthy lifestyle – 健康的生活方式
19. Diet – 飲食
20. Overall health – 整體健康
